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Tuesday, 24 September 2013

Myotomes in Physiotherapy


Myotomes in Physiotherapy

Upper Body

Root
Joint Action
C1
Upper cervical flexion
C2
Upper cervical extension
C3
Cervical side flexion
C4
Shoulder elevation
C5
Shoulder abduction
C6
Elbow flexion
C7
Elbow extension
C8
Thumb extension
T1
Finger abduction

Lower Body

Root
Joint Action
T2 – L1
No tests
L2
Hip flexion
L3
Knee extension
L4
Dorsiflexion
L5
Great toe extension
S1
Eversion, Hip extension, knee flexion
S2
Knee flexion, Toe standing

Closed Packed Positions and capsular Patterns for Joints - Physiotherapy


Closed Packed Positions and capsular Patterns for Joints - Physiotherapy

Upper Body

Joint
Closed Packed Position
Capsular Pattern
Temporomandibular Joint
Clenched teeth
Opening mouth
Cervical spine
Extension also for Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
Side flexion and rotation equally limited; flexion is full but painful, extension is limited
Glenohumeral joint
Abduction and lateral rotation
Lateral rotation then abduction then medial rotation
Humeroulnar
Extension
Flexion then extension
Trapeziometacarpal joint
None
Abduction and extension, full flexion
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Flexion
Opposition
Flexion then extension
Interphalangeal joint
Extension
Flexion then extension


Lower Body

Joint
Closed Packed Position
Capsular Pattern
Hip
Extension and medial rotation
Flexion, abduction and medial rotation. Extension maybe limited
Knee
Extension and lateral rotation of the tibia
Flexion the extension
Talocrural
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion the dorsiflexion
Subtalar
Inversion
Inversion
Mid-tarsal
Inversion
Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, adduction and medial rotation
First metatarsalphalangeal joint
Extension
Extension then flexion

 

 

Sunday, 22 September 2013

Physiotherapy Defined or Definition

 Physiotherapy Defined or Definition

Also see: Physiotherapy Abbreviations, Pain Definition and Joint Range of Motion

A Physiotherapist works with people to identify, optimise and maximise their potential to move and function. Physiotherapy plays a key role in enabling people to improve their functional movement and thus improve their health, wellbeing and quality of life.

Physiotherapists use a combination of analytical thinking and practical skills to identify, treat and resolve physical, psychological, social and environmental factors limiting movement and function. Physiotherapists use these skills to identify limitations in an individual's movement and performance and best decide how to address their needs.

Physiotherapy is underpinned by ethical and evidence based values which are constantly evolving as practitioners develop new knowledge and understanding through critical reflection, evaluation and research. Chartered physiotherapists have a broad scope of practice that includes manual therapy, exercise and movement, electrotherapy and other physical approaches.

A Physiotherapist is an autonomous practitioner which means that they can assess, diagnose and treat an individual without a referral from another source like a GP or consultant. Physiotherapy interventions include, advice, help maintaining and improving the body's movement and function by offering treatment when someone is acutely ill in hospital, improve someone's function and independence at home or at work and enhancing their performance and participation by challenging the environmental or social barriers that limit participation.

Physiotherapists are adaptable and can deliver a high quality innovative services that are accessible, effective and efficient. Physiotherapists maintain a strong link between clinical and academic practice ensuring they are always ready for purpose.  

Pain Defined or Definition


  1. The International Association for the study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as:

    An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage”.  

Joint Range of Movement or Motion

Cervical Spine
Flexion
0 - 80°
Extension
0 - 50°
Total Flexion/Extension
0 - 130°
Lateral Side Flexion
0 - 45°
Rotation to each side
0 - 80°
 
Shoulder
Flexion
0 - 165°
Extension
0 - 60°
Abduction
0 - 170°
Internal Rotation at 90° Abduction
0 - 70°
External Rotation at 90° Abduction
0 - 100°
 
Elbow
Flexion
0 - 145°
Extension
0°
Pronation
0 - 75°
Supination
0 – 80°
 
Wrist
Flexion
0 - 75°
Extension
0 - 75°
Radial Deviation
0 - 20°
Ulnar Deviation
0 - 35°
Pronation
0 - 75°
Supination
0 - 80°
 
Thumb
IP Joint Flexion
0 - 80°
IP Joint Extension
0 - 20°
MP Joint Flexion
0 - 55°
MP Joint Extension Passive
0 - 5°
Carpo-Metacarpal Abduction
0 - 20°
Carpo-Metacarpal Flexion
0 - 15°
 
Fingers
MP Joint Flexion
0 - 90°
MP Joint Hyper-Extension
Up to 45°
Proximal IP Joint Flexion
0 - 100°
Distal IP Joint Flexion
0 – 80°
 
Thoracolumbar Spine
Thoracic Spine Flexion
0 - 45°
Lumbar Spine flexion
0 - 60°
Combined Tx/sp-Lx/sp Lateral Flexion to Each Side
0 - 30°
Thoracic Spine Rotation to Each Side
0 – 40°

Hip
Flexion
0 - 120°
Extension
0 - 20°
Abduction
0 - 40°
Adduction
0 - 25°
Internal Rotation
0 - 35°
External Rotation
0 - 45°
Internal Rotation at 90° Flexion
0 - 45°
External Rotation at 90° Flexion
0 - 45°
 
Knee
Thoracic Spine Flexion
0 - 135°
Lumbar Spine flexion
0 °
 
Ankle
Dorsiflexion
0 - 15°
Plantarflexion
0 - 55°
                     
Foot
Inversion of Heel
0 - 20°
Eversin of Heel
0 - 10°
Total Supination at forefoot Level
0 - 35°
Total Pronation at Forefoot Level
0 – 20°
 
Great Toe
Flexion at MP Joint
0 - 40°
Extension at MP Joint
0 - 65°
Flexion at IP Joint
0 - 60°
Extension at IP joint
0°